Note that kin selection is not the same thing as group selection, where natural selection is believed to act on the group as a whole. In this case, nurture kinship, the interaction between related individuals, simply as a result of living in each other's proximity, is sufficient for kin selection, given reasonable assumptions about population dispersal rates. The viscous population mechanism makes kin selection and social cooperation possible in the absence of kin recognition. ![]() Second, in viscous populations, populations in which the movement of organisms from their place of birth is relatively slow, local interactions tend to be among relatives by default. First, kin recognition allows individuals to be able to identify their relatives. Hamilton proposed two mechanisms for kin selection. The term "kin selection" itself was first used by John Maynard Smith in 1964.Īccording to Hamilton's rule, kin selection causes genes to increase in frequency when the genetic relatedness of a recipient to an actor multiplied by the benefit to the recipient is greater than the reproductive cost to the actor. ![]() The mathematical treatment was made more elegant in 1970 due to advances made by George R. Hamilton generalised the concept and developed it mathematically (resulting in Hamilton's rule) that it began to be widely accepted and have its importance realised. Fisher mentioned a similar principle even more briefly in 1930. Haldane in 1955 briefly referred to the principle in limited circumstances (Haldane famously jokes that he would willingly die for two brothers or eight cousins) and R.A. Ĭharles Darwin discussed the concept of kin selection in his 1859 book, On the Origin of Species, where he reflected on the puzzle of sterile social insects, such as honey bees, which leave reproduction to their mothers, arguing that a selection benefit to related organisms (the same "stock") would allow the evolution of a trait that confers the benefit but destroys an individual at the same time. A broader definition of kin selection includes selection acting on interactions between individuals who share a gene of interest even if the gene is not shared due to common ancestry. Kin selection is related to the concept of inclusive fitness, which combines the number of offspring produced with the number an individual can ensure the production of by supporting others (weighted by the relatedness between individuals). Kin selection can lead to the evolution of altruistic behaviour. Kin selection is a process whereby natural selection favours a trait due to its positive effects on the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even when at a cost to the organism's own survival and reproduction. The co-operative behaviour of social insects like the honey bee can be explained by kin selection. For the physical principle, see Hamilton's principle. Please note that the module is intended for experienced players only."Hamilton's rule" redirects here.
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